【摘要】 目的 调查山东省冠县4~18岁在校(园)学生屈光不正患病状况。方法 横断面调查研究。通过随机整群抽样从冠县幼儿园、小学、初中和高中随机抽取学生进行屈光不正现况调查。所有学生接受裸眼视力、矫正视力、散瞳验光、眼内压、眼前节、眼后节等检查。屈光不正与性别、年龄的关系采用二元Logistic回归模型进行分析。结果 共3 112例4~18岁在校(园)学生接受检查,其中完成散瞳验光检查3 111例,完成视力检查3 094例。近视患病率为31.3%(95%CI:29.7%~33.0%),年龄较大[OR:1.49(95%CI:1.45~1.54),P<0.01]、女性[OR:1.31(95%CI:1.09~1.57),P<0.01]和城镇学生[OR:2.54(95%CI:2.11~3.07),P<0.01] 的近视患病率较高。高度近视总体患病率为1.4%(95%CI:1.0%~1.8%),散光的总体患病率为32.4%(95%CI:30.8%~34.0%),屈光参差的总体患病率为6.2%(95%CI:5.4%~7.1%),高度近视、散光和屈光参差患病率均呈现随年龄增长而上升的趋势(P<0.01),其中散光和屈光参差的患病率与居住地有关(P<0.01),但均与性别无关(P>0.05);远视患病率为8.2%(95%CI:7.2%~9.2%),并随年龄增加而下降[OR:0.72(95%CI:0.68~0.76);P<0.01]。较好眼裸眼视力≤20/40和≤20/200者分别有675例(21.8%)和85例(2.7%)。单眼或双眼裸眼视力≤20/40的880人中,837人(95.1%)是由于屈光不正导致的。结论 山东省冠县4~18岁在校(园)学生的视力损害主要由以近视为主的屈光不正导致,且呈现出随随年龄增加而上升的趋势。
【关键词】 屈光不正; 患病率; 学生; 小地区分析; 数据收集; 横断面研究
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2014.03.003
基金项目:山东省科技发展计划(2011GGH21835,2011GGB14097);山东药卫生科技发展计划(2011HD014);济南市高校自主创新计划(201102061)
作者单位:250014 济南,山东(吴建峰);250002 济南,山东眼科医院山东山东眼科研究所(毕宏生、吴慧、王兴荣);250001 济南,山东(胡媛媛、孙伟、吕太亮)
通信作者:毕宏生,Email:hongshengbi@126.com
A cross-sectional survey on refractive errors in students 4-18 years old in Guanxian county, Shandong province
Wu Jianfeng*, Bi Hongsheng, Hu Yuanyuan, Wu Hui, Sun Wei, Lyu Tailiang, Wang Xingrong. Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
Corresponding author:Bi Hongsheng,Email:hongshengbi@126.com
【Abstract】 Objective To examine the prevalence of refractive errors among preschool children and schoolchildren in Guanxian county, Shandong province. Methods Using a random cluster sampling in a cross-sectional school-based study design, children ranging in age from 4 to 18 years were selected from kindergartens, primary schools, and junior and senior high schools in Guanxian county. All children underwent a complete ocular examination including measurement of uncorrected (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), auto-refractometry under cycloplegia and ophthalmic examination. The prevalence rates of refractive error and its association with age and gender were analyzed by a bivariate regression model. Results Of 3 112 eligible children, cycloplegic refraction was completed on 3 111 and the visual acuity of 3 094 was successfully tested. The overall prevalence of myopia was 31.3%(95%CI: 29.7%-33.0%). Myopia was associated with older children [OR: 1.45(95%CI: 1.41-1.50); P<0.01], female gender [OR: 1.45(95%CI: 1.41-1.50); P<0.01] and children in urban areas [OR: 2.54(95%CI: 2.11-3.07); P<0.01]. The prevalence of high myopia, astigmatism and anisometropia was 1.4%(95%CI: 1.0%-1.8%), 32.4%(95%CI: 30.8%-34.0%) and 6.2%(95%CI: 5.4%-7.1%), respectively. All prevalences were associated with older children (P<0.01) but not gender (P>0.05). The prevalence of astigmatism and anisometropia was also associated with children in urban areas (P<0.01). The overall prevalence of hyperopia was 8.2%(95%CI: 7.2%-9.2%), and the trend decreased with age [OR: 0.72(95%CI: 0.68-0.76); P<0.01]. UCVA was 20/40 or worse in the better eye in 675(21.8%) children, and 20/200 or worse in the better eye in 85(2.7%) children. UCVA≤20/40 in one or both eyes was found in 880(28.4%) children, with undercorrected refractive error as the cause in 837(95.1%) children. Conclusion Visual impairment in students 4-18 years of age in Guanxian county was mainly attributed to refractive errors, especially myopia. The prevalence of refractive errors increased with age.
【Key words】 Refractive error; Prevalence; Students; Small-area analysis; Data collection; Cross-sectional studies