【摘要】 目的 通过测量足月新生儿眼轴长度（AL），探讨正常新生儿AL的正常范围、特点及AL与胎龄、出生体质量等的关系。方法 横断面研究。选取2011年7月至2014年1月出生的足月新生儿750例，应用A超测量出生1～3 d新生儿双眼的AL。观察不同性别、胎龄、出生体质量、分娩方式足月新生儿的AL分布情况。采用t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析及多元线性回归进行数据处理。结果 750例（1 500眼）足月新生儿的右眼和左眼AL分别为（16.54±0.59）mm、（16.54±0.56）mm，差异无统计学意义。以左右眼AL均值作为该新生儿的AL，足月新生儿AL平均值为（16.54±0.57）mm，95%CI为16.50～16.58 mm，其中男性新生儿AL为（16.55±0.57）mm，女性新生儿AL为（16.53±0.57）mm，差异无统计学意义。胎龄为37、38、39、40、41周组新生儿（各胎龄组分别为150例）的平均AL分别为（16.14±0.43）mm、（16.50±0.32）mm、（16.51±0.40）mm、（16.70±0.69）mm、（16.86±0.67）mm。出生体质量2.5～、3.0～、3.5～<4.0 kg组新生儿AL分别为（16.34±0.52）mm、（16.52±0.51）mm、（16.73±0.61）mm。AL与胎龄、出生体质量均呈正相关（r=0.402、0.249，P<0.01）。与性别、分娩方式无相关性。将胎龄、出生体质量等因素纳入多元回归模型，得出回归方程：AL=10.391+0.151×胎龄。结论 正常足月新生儿平均AL为（16.54±0.57）mm。AL随着胎龄、出生体质量的增加而延长，而与性别、分娩方式无关。
【关键词】 眼轴长度； 婴儿，新生； 出生体重； 足月分娩
Measurement and analysis of the axial length of full-term newborns
Mao Jianbo*， Li Lihong， Hong Mingsheng， Li Na ， Chu Mengqi， Shen Lijun. * Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University， Wenzhou 325027， China
Corresponding author： Shen Lijun， Email： slj@mail.eye.ac.cn
【Abstract】 Objective To measure the full-term newborns axial length （AL）， and to study the associations with gestational age， birth weight， delivery mode， gender. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A subset of 750 full-term neonates （1 500 eyes） were included. The age of neonates ranged from 1 to 3 days. AL was measured quantitatively by A ultrasound. Associations with atenatal factors were also studied， which include gender， gestational age， birth weight， and delivery mode. Data were analyzed using t test， one-way ANOVA， Pearson correction and multivariable linear regression analysis. Results No significant difference between the right eyes 16.54±0.59 mm and the left eyes 16.54±0.56 mm AL was found. The mean value of left and right eye AL was defined as the neonatal AL. Mean longitudinal AL was 16.54±0.57 mm， 95%CI 16.50~16.58 mm. There were 376 male neonates（50.1%） 374 female neonates（49.9%）， whose AL were 16.55±0.57 mm and 16.53±0.57 mm. The mean AL of different gestational age from 37 weeks to 41 weeks were 16.14±0.43 mm， 16.50±0.32 mm， 16.51±0.40 mm， 16.70±0.69 mm， 16.86±0.67 mm. Both birth weight and gestational age were positively correlated with AL （r=0.402， 0.249， P<0.01）. The mean AL of different birth weight from 2.5~， 3.0~， 3.5~<4.0 kg were 16.34±0.52 mm， 16.52±0.51 mm， 16.73±0.61 mm. AL had no correlation with gender， delivery mode. Multiple linear regression analysis showed the regression equation： AL=10.391+0.151×gestational age. Conclusion The full-term newborn AL was 16.54±0.57 mm. There was no significant difference between the right eyes and the left eyes AL. Gestational age and birth weight were positively correlated with AL.
【Key words】 Axial length； Infant，newborn； Birth weight； Term delivery
DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2015.09.010
作者单位：325027 （毛剑波、洪明胜、褚梦琪、沈丽君）；650031 云南省昆明市（李丽红、李娜）
通信作者：沈丽君，Email：slj@mail.eye.ac.cn